CONSTRAINTS ON AWARENESS, ATTENTION, PROCESSING, AND MEMORY - SOME RECENT INVESTIGATIONS WITH IGNORED SPEECH

We discuss potential benefits of research in which attention is direct ed toward or away from a spoken channel and measures of the allocation of attention are used. This type of research is relevant to at least two basic, still-unresolved issues in cognitive psychology: (a) the ex tent to which unattended information is processed and (b) the extent t o which unattended information that is processed can later be remember ed. Four recent studies of this type that address these questions in v arious ways (Cowan, Lichty, & Grove, 1990; Wood & Cowan, 1995a,b; Wood , StadIer & Cowan, in press) are reviewed as illustrations. We conclud e from these studies that (a) unattended information appears to be par tially processed automatically, though attention enhances the processi ng considerably, and (b) the unattended information that is processed may not be retrievable in direct or many indirect memory tasks, though it remains possible that there is an automatically stored memory trac e (e.g., one that could produce semantic priming). (C) 1997 Academic P ress.