Labor epidural analgesia and intrapartum maternal hyperthermia

OBJECTIVE: To determine if women receiving continuous epidural analgesia ar e more likely to develop intrapartum. fever and related neonatal effects. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of nulliparous women with term gestations in spontaneous labor delivered during a 12-month perio d immediately before the availability of on-demand labor epidural analgesia (Before group) and a similar group of nulliparas delivered after labor epi dural analgesia was available on request (After group). RESULTS: The frequency of epidural increased from 1% before the availabilit y of on-request epidural analgesia to 83% after epidural analgesia was avai lable on request. A maximal temperature of at least 100.4F was detected in three of 498 (0.6%) women in the Before group, and in 63 of 572 women (11.0 %) in the After group (relative risk [RR] = 18.3, 95% confidence interval [ 0] 5.8, 57.8, P < .01). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that on-r equest labor epidural analgesia was associated with an intrapartum. tempera ture of at least 99.5F (RR = 3.0, 95% CI 2.3, 3.6, P < .001) and intrapartu m. temperature of at least 100.4F (RR = 20.2, 95% CI 7.0, 86.0, P < .001). There were statistically significant increases in the proportion of newborn s who had complete blood counts (24% versus 13.5%, RR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.3, 1. 8, P < .01) and blood cultures (30.7% versus 8.6%, RR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.2, 2. 4, P < .05) in the After period compared with the Before group; however, th ere was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of infant s who received antibiotic therapy for presumed sepsis between the After and Before periods (5.8% versus 4.6%, RR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.8, 1.6, P = .38). No infants in either group had culture-proven sepsis. CONCLUSION: The use of labor epidural analgesia is associated with a clinic ally significant increase in the incidence of intrapartum fever. (Obstet Gy necol 2001;98:763-70. (C) 2001 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists).