Lm. Weih et al., Prevalence and predictors of open-angle glaucoma - Results from the visualimpairment project, OPHTHALMOL, 108(11), 2001, pp. 1966-1972
Purpose: To determine the prevalence and. investigate predictors of open-an
gle glaucoma in Victoria, Australia.
Design: Two-site, population-based cross-sectional study.
Participants. Permanent residents aged 40 years and older at recruitment fr
om 1992 through 1996.
Methods; A cluster-stratified random sample of 4744 participants from two c
ohorts, urban and rural, participated. Participants, completed a standardiz
ed interview regarding demographic, lifestyle, and medical characteristics
and a dilated eye examination including measurement of intraocular pressure
, visual fields, cup-to-disc ratios, and paired stereo photography of the O
ptic discs. A consensus panel of six ophthalmologists determined glaucoma d
iagnosis.
Main Outcome Measure: Diagnosis of glaucoma (possible, probable, definite).
Results: The prevalence of possible glaucoma cases was 1.2% (95% confidence
interval [CI], 0.60, 1.7), of probable cases was 0.70% (95% CI, 0.39, 1.0)
, and of definite cases was 1.8% (95% CI, 1.4, 2.2). There was a significan
t increase in glaucoma prevalence with age across all definitions, but ther
e was no difference in: age-standardized rates between genders. A total of
60% of probable and definite glaucoma cases were undiagnosed before this st
udy. Adjusted for age, the strongest risk factor for glaucoma was a positiv
e family history of glaucoma (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.6, 5.3). Glaucoma
patients who had not attended an eye care provider in the last 2 years were
eight times (95% CI, 3.2, 20.4) more likely to have undiagnosed disease.
Conclusions. These results support the importance of the genetic or familia
l basis of many glaucoma cases and highlight the need to develop appropriat
e techniques to screen for undiagnosed disease. Ophthalmology 2001;108:1966
-1972 (C) 2001 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.