Early-onset neonatal sepsis in the era of group B streptococcal prevention

Objective. To determine whether intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for neon atal group B streptococcal (GBS) disease has resulted in an increased rate of non-GBS or antibiotic-resistant early-onset invasive neonatal disease. Methods. Maternal and infant chart review of all infants with bacteria othe r than GBS isolated from blood or spinal fluid in 1996 through 1999 in 19 h ospitals (representing 81% of in-state births to state residents) throughou t Connecticut. Suspected cases were identified through clinical microbiolog y laboratory records or through International Classification of Diseases, N inth Revision codes when microbiology records were incomplete. Results. Ninety-four cases of non-GBS early-onset sepsis or meningitis were detected between 1996 and 1999. The rate of GBS-related early-onset infect ion (days 0-6 of life) dropped from 0.61/1000 to 0.23/1000 births, but the annual rate of non-GBS sepsis remained steady, ranging from 0.65 to 0.68/10 00 during the surveillance period. There was an increase in the proportion of Escherichia coli infections that were ampicillin resistant between 1996 and 1998, but the proportion decreased. in 1999 Conclusion. There was no increase in the incidence of non-GBS early-onset n eonatal infections between 1996 and 1999. Fluctuations in the annual incide nce of E coli infections, including ampicillin-resistant infections, sugges t the need for continuation of surveillance in Connecticut and expansion to monitor larger populations.