The research into heavy ion beam biology started in the 1960s, and so far i
t has become an important interdisciplinary study. Heavy ion beam is more s
uitable for molecule modification than other sorts of radiation, for it has
many superiorities such as the energy transfer effect and the mass deposit
ion effect. Molecule modification with heavy ion beam irradiation can be ap
plied to developing new medicines and their precursors, genetic engineering
, protein engineering, outer space radiobiology, etc. Retrospect and prospe
ct of the research and development of molecule modification with heavy ion
beam irradiation are given.