Appropriateness of nitrate use in a general medicine population

BACKGROUND: Nitrates are one of the most commonly prescribed drug groups fo r cardiac disease, especially for angina pectoris and congestive heart fail ure. The chronic efficacy of nitrates is limited by the development of tole rance, which can be attenuated by use of sustained-release preparations or administration of regular-release preparations asymmetrically. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether patients receiving isosorbide 5-mononitrate (ISMN) use the drug in a pharmacologically appropriate manner and whether they had been instructed in the prophylactic use of sublingual nitrates pri or to effort. METHODS: We administered a questionnaire regarding details of nitrate at 22 9 patients with ischemic heart disease using oral SMN, prescribed prior to their current admission. The study was conducted in a 600-bed university-af filiated hospital. RESULTS: We found that only 15% of patients receiving regular-release ISMN were taking the drug asymmetrically. In contrast, 82.6% of the patients rec eiving sustained-release ISMN were using the drug properly. Only 38.1% of t he patients treated with regular-dose ISMN were treated with the dose recom mended in the literature. Furthermore, of the 190 patients who reported exp eriencing effort angina, only 17.9% had been instructed in the prophylactic use of nitrates prior to effort. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients (85%) using regular-release ISMN were taking the medication in an inappropriate fashion, while most patients tak ing sustained-release preparations were using them properly. More than half the patients treated with regular-release ISMN were treated with doses exc eeding the recommended dose. In addition, mos patients experiencing effort angina had not been instructed regarding the prophylactic use of nitrates. These findings suggest that both physicians and pharmacists must be reminde d of the continuing need to properly counsel patients regarding appropriate drug use.