P. Nicolas et al., Clonal expansion of sequence type (ST-)5 and emergence of ST-7 in serogroup A meningococci, Africa, EM INFECT D, 7(5), 2001, pp. 849-854
One hundred four serogroup A meningococci in our collection, isolated in Af
rica from 1988 to 1999, were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (M
LST). Our results and data from the Internet indicate that sequence type 5
(ST-5) strains were responsible for most of African outbreaks and sporadic
cases during this period. In 1995, a new clone, characterized by ST-7 seque
nce, emerged and was responsible for severe outbreaks in Chad (1998) and Su
dan (1999). MLST and epidemiologic data indicate that ST-5 and ST-7 represe
nt two virulent clones. These two STs, which belong to subgroup III, differ
only in the pgm locus: allele pgm3 is characteristic for ST-5 and allele p
gm19 for ST-7. Subgroup III strains were responsible for two pandemics in t
he 1960s and 1980s. Our data show that the third subgroup III pandemic has
now reached Africa.