Surgical treatment of HELLP syndrome-associated liver rupture - an update

In some 2% of the cases of the HELLP syndrome, severe spontaneous bleeding into the liver accompanied by haemorrhagic liver cell necrosis and rupture of the organ occurs and represents one of the main cause of death. On the b asis of our own experience with four cases, a review of the literature is p resented with particular focus on a therapeutic concept based on appropriat e surgery. Within a MEDLINE search covering the period 1990-1999, the case reports of this kind of liver complication in the literature were analysed in terms of clinical course and outcome. In addition to our own four patients, a total of 49 cases with rupture of t he liver were found in the literature. Despite surgical interventions, HELL P syndrome-associated liver rupture carried a mortality of 39%. Most patien ts died of haemorrhagic shock and organ failure. In order to improve survival. patients with ruptured liver or hepatic failu re should be transferred to a centre with the necessary experience in liver surgery including liver transplantation. An interdisciplinary approach is required, including the use of temporary packing of the liver to control th e bleeding, and during the further course of the condition, possibly even l iver transplantation, as in one of our own cases. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.