Defects of mitochondrial electron transport enzymes have been implicated in
the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. In previous work,
we reported decreased protein levels of mitochondrial electron transport en
zyme subunits in adult brain with Down syndrome (DS). However it is not cle
ar whether cellular damage due to mitochondrial defects in brain of DS fetu
s begins in utero. Here we investigated the protein levels of mitochondrial
electron transport enzymes in fetal DS brain using the proteomic technolog
ies. Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desor
ption ionization mass spectroscopy (MALDI-MS) and specific software for qua
ntification were used. The protein levels of complex I 30-kDa subunit were
significantly decreased in cerebral cortex of fetal DS brain. We conclude t
hat decreased mitochondrial electron transport enzyme subunits in fetal DS
brains could contribute to the impaired energy and free radical metabolism
affecting brain development in DS fetus. Furthermore, the defects of mitoch
ondrial electron enzymes shown in adult DS brains could begin in utero and
continue during the life span of the individual with DS.