J. Czarneski et al., Interleukin-4 up-regulates mouse mammary tumor virus expression yet is notrequired for in vivo virus spread, J VIROLOGY, 75(23), 2001, pp. 11886-11890
The mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) superantigen induces T-cell production
of cytokines, such as interleukin-4, which in turn increase MMTV transcrip
tion. However, interleukin-4 is not required for in vivo virus spread, beca
use mice lacking interleukin-4 or the STAT6 transcription factor showed wil
d-type infection of lymphoid and mammary tissue. In spite of this, mammary
tumor incidence was decreased in STAT6 null mice.