SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS AND QUESTIONS FROM A LOGICAL POINT-OF-VIEW

Scientific knowledge systems function as effective and specialized app aratus for formulating, analyzing and solving scientific problems. In science, problems become internal parts of the knowledge systems; thus they acquire new forms and properties in comparison with common-sense problems. Definite theoretical structures connected with problems and questions appear in the theory. Among them are erotetic expressions a nd languages, calculi and algebras of problems. On the basis of the st ructure-nominative reconstruction of a theory, the unified treatment o f these structures is given. Methods of the theory of named sets are u sed in the logical analysis of problems and their systems. As a conseq uence a new formalized model of the problem part of theory is construc ted.