H. Nikjoo et al., Computational approach for determining the spectrum of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation, RADIAT RES, 156(5), 2001, pp. 577-583
To study the characteristics of molecular damage induced by ionizing radiat
ion at the DNA level, Monte Carlo track simulation of energetic electrons a
nd ions in liquid water, a canonical model of B-DNA, and a comprehensive cl
assification of DNA damage in terms of the origin and complexity of damage
were used to calculate the frequencies of simple and complex strand breaks.
A threshold energy of 17.5 eV was used to model the damage by direct energ
y deposition, and a probability of 0.13 was applied to model the induction
of a single-strand break produced in DNA by OH radical reactions. For preli
minary estimates, base damage was assumed to be induced by the same direct
energy threshold deposition or by the reaction of an OH radical with the ba
se, with a probability of 0.8. Computational data are given on the complexi
ty of damage, including base damage by electrons with energies of 100-4500
eV and ions with energies of 0.3-4.0 MeV/nucleon (59-9 keV mum(-1) protons
and 170-55 keV mum(-1) alpha particles). Computational data are presented o
n the frequencies of single- and double-strand breaks induced as a function
of the LET of the particles, and on the relative frequencies of complex si
ngle- and double-strand breaks for electrons. The modeling and calculations
of strand breaks show that: (1) The yield of strand breaks per unit absorb
ed dose is nearly constant over a wide range of LET. (2) The majority of DN
A damage is of a simple type, but the majority of the simple single-strand
breaks are accompanied by at least one base damage. (3) For low-energy elec
trons, nearly 20-30% of the double-strand breaks are of a complex type by v
irtue of additional breaks. The proportion of this locally clustered damage
increases with LET, reaching about 70% for the highest-LET a particles mod
eled, with the complexity of damage increasing further, to about 90%,,when
base damage is considered. (4) The extent of damage in the local hit region
of the DNA duplex is mostly limited to a length of a few base pairs. (5) T
he frequency of base damage when no strand breaks are present in the hit se
gment of DNA varies between 20-40% as a function of LET for protons and a p
articles. (C) 2001 by Radiation Research Society.