Synthesis and examination of electrolytic sodium-vanadium oxide compounds intended for cathodes of lithium batteries: The mechanism of formation of electrolytic bronze beta-NaxV2O5

To determine the mechanism responsible for the formation of electrolytic so dium-vanadium oxide bronze e-NaxV2O5, synthesized earlier from acid vanadyl sulfate electrolyte, beta -bronze i-NaxV2O5 is synthesized by exposing ele ctrolytic oxide e-V2O5 in the same sodium-containing electrolyte under open -circuit conditions, with a subsequent annealing of the sample. It is estab lished that the two modifications of beta -bronze (e-NaxV2O5 and i-NaxV2O5) are identical and that electrolytic precursors of beta -bronze NaxV2O5 for m via an ion-exchange mechanism.