Electron crystallography is becoming a powerful tool for the resolutio
n of membrane protein structures. The past year has seen the productio
n of a bacteriorhodopsin model at 3.5 Angstrom and the structure of aq
uaporin 1 approaching atomic resolution. Determination of surface topo
graphies of 2D crystals using the atomic force microscope is similarly
advancing to a level that reveals submolecular details. As the latter
is operated in solution, membrane proteins can be observed at work.