The performance and utility of rapid diagnostic assays for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a field setting in the Lao People's Democratic Republic

Rapid diagnostic assays for malaria have the potential to improve the manag ement and control of the disease in developing countries. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate, in a field setting, the performance of several such assays for Plasmodium falciparum infection and to examine the usefulness of these assays in identifying subjects for treatment trials in rural field sites. Residents of 12 villages in Laos who presented with fev er were eligible for inclusion. Blood was collected by fingerprick for a di pstick assay, developed by the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), performed and interpreted in the field by local healthcare workers . Compared with 'blinded' reference microscopy (N=196), the sensitivity and specificity of the PATH assay were 96.2% and 93.0%, respectively. Two rapi d diagnostic assays (PATH and OptiMAL) were also performed on the subset of subjects eligible to participate in an in-vivo treatment trial (N=97), and the results again compared with those of 'blinded' reference microscopy. I n this subset, a subject was considered a 'true positive' if found positive by microscopy or the alternate rapid assay. Using this modified reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the PATH assay were 96.7% and 94.4%, and those of the OptiMAL assay were 91.8% and 100%, respectively. Bo th of the rapid assays tested therefore appear suitable for use in rural fi eld settings by local healthcare providers and can accurately identify part icipants for treatment trials.