Hip arthroscopy without traction: In vivo anatomy of the peripheral hip joint cavity

Purpose: To describe the in vivo anatomy of the peripheral compartment of t he hip joint using a systematic sequence of examination without traction. T ype of Study: Case series. Methods: We performed 35 hip arthroscopies witho ut traction from an anterolateral portal in the supine position. Free drapi ng and a good range of movement of the hip joint were used to relax parts o f the capsule and increase the intra-articular volume of the area that was inspected. Each procedure was documented on a standard protocol including d etailed information on technical features and normal and pathologic intra-a rticular findings. Results: A comprehensive inspection of the peripheral co mpartment was obtained from the anterolateral portal. A systematic sequence of examination was developed separating the periphery of the hip joint int o 7 areas: anterior neck area, media] neck area, medial head area, anterior head area, lateral head area, lateral neck area, and posterior area. The a rthroscopic in vivo anatomy of each area is described. In 3 patients, I to 3 loose bodies were removed. In I patient with a synovial chondromatosis, 4 0 chondromas were retrieved. In osteoarthritis, impinging osteophytes were trimmed in 3 cases and partial synovectomy was performed in 10 patients. Th e following complications were observed: a temporary sensory deficit of the lateral femoral cutaneus nerve in I patient, scuffing of the anterior surf ace of the femoral head in 3 patients, detaching of an osteophyte in I pati ent, and partial tears of the anterior synovial fold in 10 patients. Conclu sions: Arthroscopy without traction allows for a complete evaluation of hip anatomy without the loaded articular surfaces, the acetabular fossa, and t he ligamentum teres. For a complete overview of both the central and periph eral part of the hip, traction is necessary for the central part.