Thermal expansion of the monoclinic nonlinear optical crystal BiB3O6 (bismu
th triborate) was measured by dilatometry within the temperature range from
173 K to 573 K using single crystal samples of dimensions similar to7 x 7
x 8 mm(3). The four independent tenser coefficients are given and the calcu
lated loci of zero thermal expansion of BiB3O6 are related to the loci of p
hase matching for second harmonic generation. Characteristic features of th
e crystal structure are taken to discuss the marked anisotropy of thermal e
xpansion of BiB3O6.