Geochemical modeling of the zoned footwall alteration pipe, Hellyer volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposit, western Tasmania, Australia

The mineralogy of hydrothermal alteration assemblages (siliceous core, chlo rite zone, sericite zone) in the footwall pipe of the Hellyer volcanic-host ed massive sulfide (VHMS) deposit is controlled mainly by the temperature, pH, and redox state of the hydrothermal fluids. Based on the results of our numerical modeling, the zoned alteration system could have formed by a combination of water-rock interaction and cooling, with a siliceous core predicted to form at the center of the conduit, passi ng outward to a chlorite-dominated zone, a sericite-rich zone, and finally grading out to unaltered andesite. These mineralogical changes relate to a gradual evolution of fluid chemistry, water/rock ratio, pH, and temperature from the core to the margin of the system. Initial temperatures were proba bly close to 350 degreesC, and the hydrothermal fluids were reduced (H2S do minated). At low temperatures (< 200 degreesC) a peripheral alteration zone , consisting mostly of K feldspar, chlorite, sericite, and hematite, is pre dicted to form. Thus low-temperature zone has not been recognized at Hellye r, but elevated K2O contents and local K feldspar development have been not ed at other VHMS deposits suggesting that this zone might form at low tempe ratures and low water/rock ratios in the footwall of VHMS deposits. If the existence of barren outer K feldspar alteration zones is confirmed, the fin dings could have important implications for exploration, specifically with regards to distinguishing ore-related alteration zones from barren alterati on systems.