A study of diclofenac-induced teratogenicity during organogenesis using a whole rat embryo culture model

BACKGROUND: Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, commonly used by reproductive age women for the treatment of a variety of conditions . However, there is limited information regarding the teratogenic effects o f this drug. METHODS: The effect of diclofenac on the developing embryo dur ing the critical period of organogenesis was investigated by using a whole rat embryo culture model. Embryos were exposed to various concentrations, o f diclofenac and scored for growth and differentiation at the end of the cu lture period. RESULTS: Total developmental score and score for caudal neura l tube, flexion and hindlimb were significantly lower in embryos exposed to high concentrations of diclofenac (7.5 and 15.0 mug/ml), but no difference in these parameters was observed when embryos were exposed to low concentr ation of diclofenac (1.5, 2.5 and 5.0 mug/ml). No significant differences i n yolk sac diameter, crown-rump length and number of somites was found betw een embryos in the experimental and the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our stu dy has demonstrated that diclofenac exerts direct teratogenic effects on ra t embryos. Until more is known about the effects of diclofenac (especially in moderate to high doses) in women of reproductive age, we suggest its use should be treated with caution.