Shallow water acoustic networks

Underwater acoustic networks are generally formed by acoustically connected ocean bottom sensor nodes, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and surf ace stations that serve as gateways and provide radio communication links t o on-shore stations. The quality of service of such networks is limited by the low bandwidth of acoustic transmission channels, high latency resulting from the slow propagation of sound, and elevated noise levels in some envi ronments. The long-term goal in the design of underwater acoustic networks is to provide for a self-configuring network of distributed nodes with netw ork links that automatically adapt to the environment through selection of the optimum system parameters. This article considers several aspects in th e design of shallow water acoustic networks that maximize throughput and re liability while minimizing power consumption.