An integrated circuit implementation of the Huxley sarcomere model

We have developed an integrated circuit to simulate the mechanical behavior demonstrated by sarcomeres found in skeletal muscle. The circuit is based upon the mathematical description of the attachment and detachment dynamics of crossbridge populations and the force generated by the crossbridges, or iginally formulated by A. F. Huxley. We describe the process of designing t he circuit model from the mathematical model, present the sarcomere circuit implementation, and demonstrate the transient and steady-state behaviors t hat the fabricated circuit produces. Comparison of our results to published mechanical behavior of skeletal muscle shows qualitative similarities. We conclude that the circuit muscle model exhibits the potential for real-time simulation of muscle contractions and could be used to give engineered sys tems muscle-like properties.