Geochemical and petrological characteristics of the Kale (Gumushane) volcanic rocks: Implications for the eocene evolution of eastern pontide arc volcanism, northeast Turkey
M. Arslan et I. Aliyazicioglu, Geochemical and petrological characteristics of the Kale (Gumushane) volcanic rocks: Implications for the eocene evolution of eastern pontide arc volcanism, northeast Turkey, INT GEOL R, 43(7), 2001, pp. 595-610
The Kale (Gumushane) volcanic rocks crop out in the southern zone of the ea
stern Pontide are, and consist mainly of agglomerate, andesite, minor basal
t, and tuff associated with sediments (limestone, marl, siltstone, sandston
e) deposited in a shallow basin environment. The volcanites show mainly por
phyritic, hyalo-porphyritic, and rare fluidal and glomeroporphyritic textur
es. These volcanic rocks consist predominantly of plagioclase, augite, homb
lende, and lesser biotite, magnetite, and quartz, and secondary products of
chloritization, carbonation, sericitization, and epidotization. In general
, they show disequilibrium textures, possibly reflecting magma-mixing proce
sses.
The volcanic rocks are mainly calc-alkaline in composition, and show modera
te potassium enrichment. Most of the major- and trace-element variations re
flect the significant role of fractional crystallization during the evoluti
on of the volcanic suite. The fractionating phases are dominantly homblende
and augite, minor plagioclase, and magnetite. The rocks have high LILE and
LREE enrichments, but are relatively depleted in HFSE relative to MORB. Mo
reover, incompatible trace-element distributions show similarities to those
of an E-type MORB source. The rocks have moderately fractionated REE patte
rns with (La/Lu)(N) = 2-12. Geochemical data suggest that the volcanites ev
olved by shallow-level fractional crystallization and magma-mixing contamin
ation of a parental magma derived from metasomatized upper mantle by partia
l melting after thickening of the Pontide are during the Paleocene-Eocene.
Furthermore, differentiation took place in a magma chamber situated in the
thickened are crust within an extensional tectonic regime.