Relationship between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes and virus load after recent HIV-1 seroconversion

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific memory, or precursor, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in 14 subjects who had recently experienced s eroconversion were evaluated with respect to virus set point, defined as pl asma HIV-1 RNA level 6 months after seroconversion. Env-, Gag-, Pol-, and N ef-specific precursor CTL were detected in Cr-51-release assays, using anti gen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells as effectors and B cell l ines infected with HIV-1-vaccinia recombinants as targets. All subjects tes ted had precursor CTL specific to at least 2 HIV-1 antigens. Detection of E nv- specific precursor CTL was associated with a high set point (P = .0221) . The number of antigens recognized tended to be greater in subjects with h igher set points (rho = .45621; P = .1171). Gag- specific precursor CTL fre quency correlated inversely with set point (rho = -.8478; P = .0003). Two h eterozygotes for a 32-bp deletion in CCR5 had the lowest set points (P = .0 220) and highest Gag precursor CTL frequencies (P = .0128). These data sugg est that host factors that restrict viral replication may be important dete rminants of the level of HIV-1-specific precursor CTL.