Marital quality ten years after the transition to parenthood: Implicationsof the timing of parenthood and the division of housework

Using a sample of 180 dual-earner, nondivorced couples, this study explored how the timing of parenthood and the division of housework are related to husbands' and wives' marital quality during the childrearing years. Hypothe sized to be "at risk" for negative marital evaluations were early first-bir th couples who divided tasks in a less-traditional manner and delayed first -birth couples who divided tasks in a traditional manner. Analyses revealed that husbands and wives in the "risk" groups evaluated their marriages mor e negatively, suggesting that congruence between behaviors, background, and attitudes is important for marital quality. In addition, early first-birth couples evaluated their marriages more poorly than did the "on time" or "d elayed" couples. Wives' gender-typed attitudes emerged as a significant cov ariate in the analyses but did not account for the effects of the timing of parenthood and the timing of parenthood X the division of housework intera ctions.