One of the key issues related to studies in microscale heat transfer is the
ability to measure temperature at small scales. In the recent past, rapid
and significant progress has enabled temperature measurements to be made wi
th unprecedented high spatial and temporal resolutions. This has allowed he
at transfer research to enter a new regime which was previously inaccessibl
e. This article reviews recent developments and discusses future directions
, indicating the variety of opportunities for research that are of scientif
ic and technological importance.