Materials for fuel-cell technologies

Fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy with hig h efficiency and low emission of pollutants. However, before fuel-cell tech nology can gain a significant share of the electrical power market, importa nt issues have to be addressed. These issues include optimal choice of fuel , and the development of alternative materials in the fuel-cell stack. Pres ent fuel-cell prototypes often use materials selected more than 25 years ag o. Commercialization aspects, including cost and durability, have revealed inadequacies in some of these materials. Here we summarize recent progress in the search and development of innovative alternative materials.