Gj. Griffiths et al., Cellular damage signals promote sequential changes at the N-terminus and BH-1 domain of the pro-apoptotic protein Bak, ONCOGENE, 20(52), 2001, pp. 7668-7676
The pro-apoptotic protein Bak is converted from a latent to an active form
by damage-induced signals. This process involves an early exposure of an oc
cluded N-terminal epitope of Bak in intact cells. Here we report a subseque
nt damage-induced change in Bak, detected using an antibody to the central
BH-1 domain. Bak coimmunoprecipitated with Bcl-x(L) both in undamaged cells
and early after damage, when the N-terminal epitope was exposed but the BH
-1 epitope remained occluded. A subsequent decrease in binding of Bak to Bc
l-x(L) correlated with exposure of an epitope in the Bak BH-1 domain. Overe
xpression of Bcl-x(L) did not affect the kinetics of exposure of the Bak N-
terminal epitope but delayed exposure of the BH-1 domain. Cytochrome c rele
ase from mitochondria facilitates the activation of apoptotic caspases. The
majority of cells with exposed Bak BH-1 domains contained cytosolic cytoch
rome c. However, a small proportion of cells exhibited exposed Bak BH-1 dom
ains that co-localized with mitochondrial cytochrome c. The data are consis
tent with a two-step model for the activation of Bak by drug-induced damage
signals where dissociation of Bcl-x(L) from the BH-1 domain of Bak occurs
immediately prior to or concomitantly with cytochrome c release.