Wireless endoscopy consists of a small-sized device which allows gastrointe
stinal tract images to be taken as it physiologically advances along its lu
men after being orally ingested. Its primary contribution is the study of s
mall bowel conditions, a gastrointestinal tract segment in which diagnosis
difficulties still arise when using current tests, including enteroscopy. P
reliminary studies in animals and healthy subjects have revealed data on im
age quality, sensitivity, specificity, and safety that demonstrate the bene
fits of this new technique. This review discusses technical aspects, indica
tions and contraindications, as well as studies reported so far on this end
oscopic diagnostic procedure.