J. Ma et al., Measuring stage of change for assessing readiness to increase fruit and vegetable intake among 18-to 24-year-olds, AM J H PRO, 16(2), 2001, pp. 88-97
Purpose. To examine the appropriateness of the five-stage, schema developed
for addictive behaviors when applied to nonaddictive behaviors such as fru
it and vegetable consumption.
Design. A cross-sectional mail survey was conducted.
Setting. Self-administered questionnaires were mailed to the home addresses
of respondents recruited in 10 states and returned upon completion.
Subjects. In all, 116 male and 185 female young adults (response rate = 70%
) completed the questionnaires. Most respondents were Caucasian (74.4%) and
college students (62.2%).
Measures. Statistical analyses included analysis of va-fiance with Scheffe'
s test, Pearson correlation and Cronbach's a coefficients factor analysis,
and cluster analysis.
Results. Staging algorithms far fruits and vegetables were. developed accor
ding to the five-stage schema, and their construct validity was verified by
the incremental trend of food intakes. The algorithms identified more than
80% of the subjects as. precontemplators, preparers, or maintainers for bo
th food groups. This distribution pattern agreed well with the three-factor
solution generated from the stages of change questionnaire, for which inte
rnal reliability and validity were confirmed. Seven cluster profiles of the
respondents were derived based on the three generated factors and appeared
to represent stage subgroupings of those factors. The two food groups shar
ed marked similarities regarding the profiling of the clusters, which was v
alidated by comparing food intake. The results, however cannot be generaliz
ed because of limitations involved in the current sample.
Conclusions. The original five stages of change and traditional staging mea
sures may need to be adapted and/or extended for dietary change.