Lithium insertion into Li-Mn, Li-Fe and Li-Co oxides

We have studied the lithium insertion into LiM2O4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co) using n- BuLi and electrochemical techniques. The oxides crystallized in the pure sp inel phase S.G. O-h(7) (Fd3m). Probable cationic distributions were propose d based on XRD, Mossbauer and pzc measurements. The results demonstrate tha t an important factor in the extent of the lithium insertion reaction in mi xed oxides is the presence of the highest oxidation state in the transition metal cations that are located in B-sites of the spinel framework.