Wet-chemical route for the preparation of lead zirconate: An amorphous carbon- and halide-free precursor synthesized by the hydrogen peroxide based route
Er. Camargo et al., Wet-chemical route for the preparation of lead zirconate: An amorphous carbon- and halide-free precursor synthesized by the hydrogen peroxide based route, CHEM MATER, 13(11), 2001, pp. 3943-3948
PbZrO3 (PZ) nanoparticles were synthesized through a halide- and organic-fr
ee hydrogen peroxide method at 700 degreesC for 2 h. Stoichiometric amounts
of zirconyl nitrate and lead nitrate were dissolved in a diluted H2O2 (aqu
eous) solution, which was slowly dropped into a solution of H2O2 and NH3 (p
H = 11). The precipitate of Pb-Zr, obtained from an exothermic oxyreduction
reaction, was filtered and washed to eliminate all nitrate ions. The preci
pitate was dried, ground, and calcined between 300 and 1000 degreesC, for 5
min to 8 h. Tetragonal, lead-rich zirconia solid solution (t-Z) was identi
fied by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction,
and Raman spectroscopy as an intermediate phase during the calcination proc
ess, followed by the crystallization of the orthorhombic PZ phase. The aver
age particle size was estimated to be 50 nm from scanning electron microsco
py pictures. The change in the amount of residual t-Z phase in PZ powders w
as estimated from the Raman spectra.