We reviewed all serologically confirmed cases of leptospirosis from 1985 to
1999 in Israel, where the disease is endemic. There were 59 cases, with an
average annual incidence of 0.05/100,000. The dominant serogroup, Leptospi
ra icterohemorrhagica, occurred in 29% of patients; in an earlier study (19
70-1979), it accounted for only 2%. Serogroups that occurred mainly in rura
l areas accounted previously for 79% but had declined to 32%.