Potential of anticytokine therapies in central nervous system ischaemia

Central nervous system (CNS) ischaemia is associated with an acute inflamma tory response which appears to potentiate CNS injury, especially following reperfusion. This response includes the release of inflammatory mediators c alled cytokines including IL-1 and TNF-alpha, which triggers the production of additional cytokines including IL-6 and activates leukocytes which infi ltrate into the CNS. Increased expression of cytokines has been demonstrate d to occur in the first few hours after CNS ischaemia. Preliminary clinical studies suggest that plasma levels of IL-6 are correlated with functional recovery while brain levels of cytokines have been demonstrated to increase following experimental ischaemia. Although there are no current clinical ' anti-cytokine' treatment studies for stroke, experimental studies modulatin g, IL-1 and TNF-alpha have shown neuroprotection.