Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotton (Gossypiumhirsutum L.) explants

Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were achieved in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). On modified MS medium supplemented with 0. 1-0.5 mg/L ZT, embryogenic calli and somatic embryos were directly induced, with the highest percentage induction (11.42%) at 0. 1 mg/L ZT. The addition of IAA resulted in decreasing the frequency of direct embryogenesis in cotyled on explants. Although 2,4-D was advantageous to the induction of cotton non -embryogenic callus, embryogenic callus could not be directly obtained on t he medium with 2,4 1 explant directly produced embryogenic callus more easi ly than hypocotyl sections or root segments. Following conversion, the rege nerated plants were transferred to soil and showed normal morphological cha racteristics.