Essential oil analysis has basically had one technical goal: to achieve the
best possible separation performance by using the most effective, availabl
e technology of the day. The result achieved from this may then be used to
answer the research or industrial analysis questions which necessitated the
analysis. This may be for comparative purposes. where one oil is contraste
d with other(s) for quality control or investigation of adulteration, to di
scover new components, or to characterise the chemical classes of compounds
present. Clearly, today the analyst turns to chromatography as the provide
r of separation and then may supplement that with mass spectrometry to aid
identification. The power of GC-MS means that advances in both the separati
on technique, and improvements in mass spectrometry detection - along with
improved data handling tools - will immediately be relevant to the essentia
l oil area. This present review outlines the developmental nature of instru
mental approaches to essential oil analysis using gas chromatography. Mass
spectrometry will be included to the extent that it represents the hyphenat
ion of choice for most analysts when analysing essential oils. Thus single-
column and multidimensional analysis will be covered, as will sample handli
ng or introduction techniques prior to the analysis step, where these techn
iques provide some measure of separation. The recent demonstration of compr
ehensive gas chromatography will be discussed as the potentially most power
ful separation method for essential oils. This brief review is not intended
to be a comprehensive dissertation on the field of essential oil analysis
since that would require sufficient space to occupy a book in its own right
. Rather, it will outline selected considerations and developments, to help
explain where new technology has been applied to advantage in this field.
(C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.