Planar optical waveguide formation in erbium-doped NaY(WO4)(2) crystal by MeV He+ ion implantation

A planar optical waveguide in erbium-doped NaY(WO4)(2) crystal was formed b y 2.6 MeV He+ ions with dose of 1.5 x 10(16) ions/cm(2) at room temperature . The dark modes were measured using the prism coupling technique. Four TE modes and five TM modes were observed in the waveguide. The refractive inde x profiles were analyzed using the reflectivity calculation method (RCM) be fore and after annealing at 300 degreesC for 30 min. In addition, we have u sed the TRIM (Transport of Ions in Matter) code to simulate the damage prof ile in Er:NaY(WO4)(2) by 2.6 MeV He ions which is helpful for choosing the analytic function in RCM calculations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All r ights reserved.