P. Puigserver et al., Cytokine stimulation of energy expenditure through p38 MAP kinase activation of PPAR gamma coactivator-1, MOL CELL, 8(5), 2001, pp. 971-982
Cachexia is a chronic state of negative energy balance and muscle wasting t
hat is a severe complication of cancer and chronic infection. While cytokin
es such as IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and TNF alpha can mediate cachectic state
s, how these molecules affect energy expenditure is unknown. We show here t
hat many cytokines activate the transcriptional PPAR gamma coactivator-1 (P
GC-1) through phosphorylation by p38 kinase, resulting in stabilization and
activation of PGC-1 protein. Cytokine or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced
activation of PGC-1 in cultured muscle cells or muscle in vivo causes incre
ased respiration and expression of genes linked to mitochondrial uncoupling
and energy expenditure. These data illustrate a direct thermogenic action
of cytokines and p38 MAP kinase through the transcriptional coactivator PGC
-1.