A novel protein elicitor (PaNie) from Pythium aphanidermatum induces multiple defense responses in carrot, Arabidopsis, and tobacco

A novel protein elicitor (PaNie(234)) from Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) F itzp. was purified, microsequenced, and the corresponding cDNA was cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative eukaryotic secretion si gnal with a proteinase cleavage site. The heterologously expressed elicitor protein without the secretion signal of 21 amino acids (PaNie(213)) trigge red programmed cell death and de novo formation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in cultured cells of carrot (Daucus carota). Programmed cell death was determ ined using the tetrazolium assay and DNA laddering. Infiltration of PaNie(2 13) into the intercellular space of leaves of Arabidopsis (Columbia-0, wild type) resulted in necroses and deposition of callose on the cell walls of spongy parenchyma cells surrounding the necrotic mesophyll cells. Necroses were also formed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Wisconsin W38, wild type) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) but not in maize (Zea mays), oa t (Avena sativa), and Tradescantia zebrina (Bosse), indicating that monocot yledonous plants are unable to perceive the signal. The reactions observed after treatment with the purified PaNie(213) were identical to responses me asured after treatment with a crude elicitor preparation from the culture m edium of P. aphanidermatum, described previously. The availability of the p ure protein offers the possibility to isolate the corresponding receptor an d its connection to downstream signaling-inducing defense reactions.