Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner, 1876) is confirmed to have full species
rank based on: 1) sympatry with T acus melanotus at Isla Gorgona and in Pan
ama; 2) level of morphological differentiation in numbers of vertebrae, dor
sal and anal fin rays; and 3) level of mtDNA differentiation. The eastern P
acific agujon needlefish is found from the Gulf of California, Mexico, to P
eru, including the Galapagos Islands.