Marine reserves have been widely promoted as conservation and fishery manag
ement tools. There are robust demonstrations of conservation benefits, but
fishery benefits remain controversial. We show that marine reserves in Flor
ida (United States) and St. Lucia have enhanced adjacent fisheries. Within
5 years of creation, a network of five small reserves in St. Lucia increase
d adjacent catches of artisanal fishers by between 46 and 90%, depending on
the type of gear the fishers used. In Florida, reserve zones in the Merrit
t island National Wildlife Refuge have supplied increasing numbers of world
record-sized fish to adjacent recreational fisheries since the 1970s. Our
study confirms theoretical predictions that marine reserves can play a key
role in supporting fisheries.