Mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary infection in an HIV infected patient under highly active antiretroviral treatment

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is responsible for a striking reduction in AIDS related morbidity and mortality by partly restoring immun e function. However, HAART can also precipitate the development of clinical ly apparent opportunistic infections in patients with latent infections. We report a case of an HIV infected patient who developed granulomatous nodul ar and cavitatory lesions of the lungs due to Mycobacterium xenopi as a man ifestation of the immune restoration syndrome.