The conceptual difference between a competency-based education and an educa
tion based upon a conventional dental curriculum is, perhaps, the starting
point for the development of new curricula. The two systems are not, in the
mselves, exclusive. There is common ground to be found, and the concept of
combining instruction with competency-based learning experiences is emergin
g in recent publications. This paper describes a competency-based approach
applied to a clinical course in conservative dentistry. The learning outcom
es of the fourth-year dental students in the new course were assessed using
methods that included continuous clinical assessments, student presentatio
ns and peer-group reflective evaluations, patient management reviews, a cli
nical progress examination, the range and amount of work completed, and a w
ritten examination and viva voce. Different weightings were given to variou
s elements of the assessment. A formal student assessment of the course rat
ed it as being satisfactory.