Recent developments of the stoichiometric displacement model for separation processes

Substantial attention has been paid to the stoichiometric displacement mode ls for solute retention (SDM-R) in liquid chromatography and adsorption (SD M-A) at surfaces since they were developed. The SDM has a strongly theoreti cal basis and has evolved to the point that it is widely applied in chemist ry, biochemistry, molecular biology and biotechnology. This review introduc es the history, recent developments, and new concepts relating to the SDM, including theory, mathematical expressions, and applications across a broad range of fields.