THE STRUCTURE OF EMPATHY DURING MIDDLE CHILDHOOD AND ITS RELATIONSHIPTO PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR

This study was an investigation of the structure and development of di spositional empathy during middle childhood and its relationship to al truism. A sample of 478 students from 2nd, 4th, and 6th grades complet ed an altruism questionnaire and a social desirability scale, both cre ated for this study, and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 19 80), adapted for this study. Teachers also rated the students on proso cial behaviors, such as sharing. In addition, as an experimental part of the study, the children could make monetary donations and volunteer time to raise funds. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index supported Davis's (1980) findings that empathy comprises four components: perspective taking, fantasy, empat hic concern, and personal distress. Factor intercorrelations, however, were not the same as those reported by Davis. MANOVAs were used to ex amine gender and age effects on empathy. Girls were more empathic in g eneral than boys, and older children showed more empathic concern than younger children. Only empathic concern and perspective taking were s ignificant predictors of prosocial behavior.