The article develops a simple framework for a discussion of the structure o
f property rights in the Russian economy. The framework suggests how barter
and enterprise restructuring can be evaluated simultaneously with politica
l motivation. Using the notion of politicians with inefficient control over
the private sector, it also assesses the recent virtual economy hypothesis
. It emphasizes the importance of incentives that were carried over from th
e Soviet era, which, it is suggested, must be duly considered while analyzi
ng parametric changes in the Russian economy. This point is supported with
the help of two examples at the end of the paper. (C) 2001 Published by Els
evier Science Ltd on behalf of the Regents of the University of California.