Circularly symmetric watermark embedding in 2-D DFT domain

In this paper, a method for digital image watermarking is described that is resistant to geometric transformations. A private key, which allows a very large number of watermarks, determines the watermark, which is embedded on a ring in the DFT domain. The watermark possesses circular symmetry. Corre lation is used for watermark detection. The original image is not required in detection. The proposed method is resistant to JPEG compression, filteri ng, noise addition, scaling, translation, cropping, rotation, printing and rescanning. Experimental results prove the robustness of this method agains t the aforementioned attacks.