Hl. Swanson et M. Howell, Working memory, short-term memory, and speech rate as predictors of children's reading performance at different ages, J EDUC PSYC, 93(4), 2001, pp. 720-734
This study explored the contribution of 2 working memory (WM) systems (the
phonological loop and the central executive) to reading performance in youn
ger (9-year-old) and older (14-year-old) children. The results showed that
(a) significant age-related differences in verbal and visual-spatial WM per
formance were maintained when articulation speed and short-term memory (the
phonological system) were partialed from the analysis and (b) WM predicted
age-related differences in word recognition and comprehension performance
independent of the contribution of a short-term memory and articulatory rat
e. The results were interpreted as support for the notion that both the pho
nological and the executive systems are important predictors of age-related
changes in reading but that these processes operate independent of each ot
her in predicting fluent reading. Several implications of the results are d
iscussed.