Phenylnitrenium ions are generated from phenylhydrazines by treatment with
AlCl3. Reaction of a phenylnitrenium ion with arenes results in both aromat
ic N-substitution and C-substitution. In contrast, an N-methylphenylnitreni
um ion undergoes exclusively aromatic C-substitution. Reaction of a phenyln
itrenium ion with arenes present only in slight excess produces anilinated
products in moderate to good yields.