The relationship between spectral correlation and envelope analysis in thediagnostics of bearing faults and other cyclostationary machine signals

In recent years there has been an increasing interest in applying cyclostat ionary analysis to the diagnostics of machine vibration signals. This is be cause some machine signals, while being almost periodic, are not exactly ph ase-locked to shaft speeds, and thus even after compensation for speed fluc tuation cannot be extracted by synchronous averaging. Typical examples are the combustion events in IC engines, which vary from cycle to cycle, and im pulsive signals from faults in rolling element bearings, which are affected by minor but randomly varying slip. Two main tools for the analysis of cyc lostationary signals are the two-dimensional autocorrelation function us ce ntral time on the one axis and time displacement around the central time on the other, and its two-dimensional Fourier transform known as the spectral correlation. The latter can be quite complex to interpret, so some authors have suggested integrating it over all frequencies to obtain a Fourier ser ies spectrum vs cyclic frequency. In this paper, it is shown that this give s the same result as a Fourier transform of the average squared envelope of the signal, which is much easier to obtain directly. Not only that, envelo pe analysis has long been used in the diagnostics of rolling element bearin g signals, and some of the experience gained can be carried over to spectra l correlation analysis. There is a possibility that the full spectral corre lation may still give some advantage in distinguishing between modulation e ffects due to gear rotations and bearing inner race rotations (even at the same speed) by virtue of the different amounts of randomness associated wit h each. (C) 2001 Academic Press.