The transition phase to EMU has been accompanied by considerable monetary a
nd fiscal consolidation efforts in the EU. This paper analyses this consoli
dation process and its effects on economic activity in the EU. It is tested
to what extent fiscal retrenchment efforts have depressed or stimulated pr
ivate spending. In the case of the latter non-Keynesian effects dominate th
e traditional Keynesian expenditure effects of government spending, taxatio
n and transfer payments.